Table 29.1 (continued)

Plant spp. used

Dose (mg/kg), admin.

route

Animal models

Possible mechanism of action

Reference

Cynara scolymus

Various in vitro test

concentrations

Male Sprague-Dawley rats,

hydroperoxide-induced oxidative

stress in cultured rat hepatocytes

By preventing oxidative modification of

blood lipoproteins and cholesterol through

choleretically induced elimination and

inhibition of hepatic cholesterol

biosynthesis

Gebhardt (1997)

Emblica

officinalis

500 mg/kg, i.p.

Male Wistar rats, CCl4-induced

hepatotoxicity

Due to antioxidant properties

Jose and Kuttan

(2000)

Flacourtia indica

1.5 g/kg, orally

Long Evans rats, paracetamol-induced

hepatotoxicity

By inhibiting enzymatic oxidation

Nazneen et al. (2009)

Glycyrrhiza

glabra

100, 150 or 300 mg/

kg, orally

Male Wistar rats, CCl4-induced

hepatotoxicity

By scavenging free radicals, stimulating

antioxidant enzyme activities and

arresting the production of inflammatory

cytokines and protecting the liver against

CCl4-induced damage

Huo et al. (2011)

Marrubium

vulgare

500 mg of dry leaves

powder/kg orally

Wistar rats, cyclophosphamide-

induced liver toxicity

Antioxidant properties and the existence

of phenolic acids and flavonoids

Ettaya et al. (2015)

Nigella sativa

500 mg/kg, orally;

1 mL/kg of Nigella

sativa oil

Wistar albino rats, CCl4-induced

hepatotoxicity

Due to the antioxidant properties of

flavonoids and phenolic compounds

Mohideen et al.

(2003), Al-Seeni

et al. (2016)

Phyllanthus niruri

50 and 100 mg/kg,

orally

Swiss male albino mice, nimesulide

induced hepatic damage

Due to antioxidant property

Chatterjee and Sil

(2006)

Picrorhiza kurroa

0.5, 10 and 20 mg/kg

Adult swiss albino mice, alcohol-

induced liver damage

Antioxidant effect

Navya et al. (2018)

Silybum

marianum

Silymarin (100 mg/

kg),orally

Wistar male rats, paracetamol-induced

hepatotoxicity

Antioxidant properties

Ahmed et al. (2020)

Solanum nigrum

300 mg/kg, orally

Sprague-Dawley rats, cadmium

chloride-induced hepatotoxicity

Due to natural compounds present in

Solanum nigrum extract which chelate the

toxic heavy metals and prevent the lethal

accumulation in liver or kidney tissues

Abdel-Rahim et al.

(2014)

554

H. Singh et al.